The main causes of a ruptured eardrum 

Infection: 

Ear infections are a common cause of a ruptured eardrum, especially in children. During an ear infection, some fluid collects behind the eardrum. The pressure resulting from the accumulation of these fluids affects the tympanic membrane, which may lead to its collapse or rupture.

 Change in pressure: 

Some activities that are accompanied by a significant change in pressure may cause the eardrum to rupture. The tearing occurs during these activities if there is a drastic change in the pressure outside the ear from inside it. Activities that may cause a ruptured eardrum:

1. Scuba diving (snorkeling). 
2.  Travel by plane.
3.  Driving at extremely high altitudes.
4.  Press firmly and directly on the ear.
5.  Wounds and direct injury: grafting of perforated eardrums A direct injury to the ear or the side of the face may rupture the eardrum. Examples include:

• Being hit directly on the ear.

•  Exposure to injury during exercise.

•  Falling directly on the ear.

•  Car accidents.

•  Inserting any foreign body into the ear, exaggeratedly, until it reaches the eardrum, may also lead to a rupture of the eardrum.

•  Excessive and continuous exposure to very loud sound may also lead to rupture of the eardrum. But this case is not uncommon.